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Introduction. Confounding Factors. Expressing the Treatment Effect. Randomized and Nonrandomized Studies. Some General Considerations in Controlling Bias. Matching. Standardization and Stratification. Analysis of Covariance. Logit Analysis. Log--Linear Analysis. Survival Analysis. Analyzing Data From Premeasure/Postmeasure Designs. Choice of Procedure. Considerations in Assessing. Association and Causality. Index.
Sutherland et al. (Wed,) studied this question.