What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to highlight the diagnostic challenges of primary CNS involvement in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.

June 7, 2026Open Access

Primary central nervous system adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma: diagnostic challenges

Key Points

This research aims to highlight the diagnostic challenges of primary CNS involvement in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.
Case presentation of a 45-year-old female previously known to be HTLV-1 positive.
Imaging studies and flow cytometry analysis of cerebrospinal fluid were performed to diagnose the condition.
CNS involvement was identified in a patient with neurologic symptoms and confirmed by clonal T cell proliferation in cerebrospinal fluid.

Abstract

ABSTRACT Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a rare lymphoid neoplasm associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). The disease has a heterogeneous presentation and central nervous system (CNS) involvement occurs in 5-20% of cases, usually with concomitant systemic disease. We present a case of a 45 years-old female, previously known to be a HTLV-1 carrier, who developed neurologic symptoms and was finally diagnosed with primary CNS ATLL after imaging studies and flow cytometry analysis of cerebrospinal fluid showed a proliferation of clonal T cells.

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Cite This Study

Almeida et al. (Mon,) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a250a3c7def13d035e1a6e1 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bglo.2026.100111

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