What question did this study set out to answer?

To explore the relationship between coffee intake timing, blood metabolites, and diabetes risk in a Hispanic population.

June 7, 2026

1078-OR: Coffee Intake Timing, Metabolomics, and Diabetes: A Prospective Study in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHSL/SOL)

Key Points

To explore the relationship between coffee intake timing, blood metabolites, and diabetes risk in a Hispanic population.
Analyzed coffee intake timing using 24-hour dietary recalls in HCHS/SOL
Used Cox models to assess diabetes risk among coffee consumers (n=7091, 1603 cases)
Examined blood metabolites and glycemic traits in a subset (n=4075) over 6 years
Late Morning Drinkers (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.44-0.96) and Morning-Afternoon Drinkers (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.37-0.85) have lower diabetes risk compared to Nighttime Drinkers
Identified 26 metabolites associated with coffee timing patterns (FDR<0.1)
Found 13 metabolites linked to fatty-acid oxidation and glycemic traits across coffee timing patterns

Abstract

Introduction and Objective: Evidence on coffee intake timing and diabetes risk is limited. We examined data-driven coffee intake timing patterns in relation blood metabolites and incident diabetes. Methods: In HCHS/SOL, coffee intake timing was assessed by two 24-hour dietary recalls in 2008-11. Among coffee consumers, 8 timing patterns were identified with a two-step clustering approach and 20 timing features (timepoints, duration, and distribution; Fig). Cox models assessed associations with incident diabetes (n=7091, 1603 cases via 2024). In a subset (n=4075), 653 blood metabolites (2008-11) were examined in relation to coffee timing patterns and longitudinal HbA1c and OGTT 2-h glucose (6975 measurements over 6 years). Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and dietary covariates were adjusted. Results: Compared with Nighttime Drinkers, Late Morning Drinkers (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.44-0.96) and Morning-Afternoon Drinkers (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.37-0.85) had lower diabetes risk. We identified 26 metabolites related to these two timing patterns (FDR0.1). Of these, 13 metabolites, involved in fatty-acid oxidation flux, showed consistent associations between coffee timing patterns and glycemic traits (Fig). Conclusion: Late morning coffee intake was independently related to lower diabetes risk beyond total intake, suggesting coffee timing as a modifiable factor for diabetes prevention. Disclosure Y. Zhang: None. B. Peters: None. Y. Mossavar-Rahmani: None. C. Cordero: None. B. Yu: None. R. Kaplan: None. Q. Qi: None.

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