What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Cross-Sectional. Population: Cardio-renal-metabolic multimorbidity (CRMM) (n=11017). Intervention: Socio-demographic factors. Primary outcome: Prevalence of cardio-renal-metabolic multimorbidity (CRMM) (95% CI 32.7-34.5).

What does this research mean for the field?

Cardio-renal-metabolic multimorbidity affects approximately one-third (33.6%) of adults in India, with significantly higher prevalence among males, older adults, urban residents, and individuals in higher wealth quintiles. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

June 7, 2026

2185-P: Cardio–Renal–Metabolic Multimorbidity in India: Findings from a Large Community-Based Study

Key Result

The overall prevalence of cardio-renal-metabolic multimorbidity among adults aged ≥30 years in India was 33.6% (95% CI 32.7-34.5), with higher rates in males, urban residents, and older adults.

Key Points

To assess the prevalence of cardio-renal-metabolic multimorbidity in India among adults aged 30 and above.
Conducted a large community-based study with 11017 adults in North and South India.
Administered questionnaires and measured blood pressure, height, weight, and fasting blood samples.
Defined cardio-renal-metabolic multimorbidity as the presence of two or more chronic conditions.
Overall cardio-renal-metabolic multimorbidity prevalence was 33.6% (95% CI: 32.7-34.5).
Prevalence was higher among males (37.7% (36.4-39.0)) and those in urban areas (42.9% (41.6-44.3)).
Among individuals aged ≥ 60 years, prevalence reached 49.7% (47.8-51.7) and was 44.3% (42.1-46.6) in the highest wealth quintile.

Study Design

Type

Cross-Sectional (n=11,017)

Multicenter

Yes

Structured PICO

Population

11,017 adults aged ≥ 30 years in North and South India assessed for the prevalence of cardio-renal-metabolic multimorbidity.

Outcome

Overall prevalence of cardio-renal-metabolic multimorbidity (CRMM) and stratified by age, gender, residence, and wealth index

Cardio-renal-metabolic multimorbidity affects approximately one-third of adults aged ≥30 years in India, highlighting a significant burden that requires integrated primary care interventions.

Abstract

Introduction and Objective: Cardio-renal-metabolic multimorbidity (CRMM) comprises a spectrum of conditions with shared risk factors and disease management strategies. However, data on its prevalence are limited in India. Methods: We conducted a large representative community-based study among 11017 adults aged ≥ 30 years in North and South India. Trained interviewers administered questionnaires to collect data on socio-demographics, chronic diseases and risk factors. Blood pressure, height, weight and fasting blood samples were measured using standard guidelines. Diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease and obesity/overweight were defined per standard criteria. CRMM was defined as presence of ≥ 2 aforementioned conditions. Overall CRMM prevalence and stratified by age, gender, residence and wealth index were estimated. Results: Mean (SD) age was 49.1(12.5) years, 53% were females. Prevalence of various conditions is given in Table 1. CRMM prevalence was 33.6% (95% CI: 32.7-34.5). It was higher among males (37.7%(36.4-39.0)), those residing in urban areas (42.9(41.6-44.3)), aged ≥ 60 years (49.7%(47.8-51.7)) and belonging to the highest wealth quintile (44.3%(42.1-46.6)). Conclusion: CRMM burden is high in India impacting individuals across the social strata. Contextually tailored integrated health system interventions, targeting common risk factors via the primary care system are warranted to improve associated health outcomes. Disclosure S. Mohan: None. N. Srinivasapura Venkateshmurthy: None. M. Shenoy: None. R. Bhagat: None. D. Prabhakaran: None.

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