Abstract Background Pediatric short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a severe form of intestinal failure that occurs due to small bowel resection or congenital abnormalities. This condition leads to poor nutrient absorption and a reliance on parenteral nutrition (PN). Despite significant advancements in surgical and nutritional care, long-term morbidity and complications such as infections and liver disease linked to intestinal failure are still major issues. Methods A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Relevant studies published on pediatric SBS, intestinal adaptation, and GLP-2–based therapies were identified and reviewed. The findings were analyzed and synthesized to evaluate current evidence and emerging therapeutic approaches. Results Intestinal adaptation which includes structural and functional modifications is essential in determining the clinical outcomes in pediatric SBS. It includes villus elongation, crypt hyperplasia, and increased absorptive capacity. Hormonal regulation through GLP-2, plays a central role in promoting mucosal growth, enhancing barrier function, and slowing down gastrointestinal transit. GLP-2 analogues such as teduglutide have shown significant clinical benefits, such as reduced PN dependence and improved enteral autonomy in pediatric patients. They have also shown good safety profiles in clinical trials. Conclusions Advances in understanding intestinal adaptation and the development of GLP-2–based therapies have improved the treatment of paediatric SBS. Nonetheless, variability in treatment response and long-term outcomes mandates additional research. Combining targeted drug therapies with multidisciplinary care shows promise for helping affected children achieve enteral independence and a better quality of life.
Soju et al. (Wed,) studied this question.