The National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) represents a major transformation in the governance and structure of higher education in India. One of the most significant reforms proposed in the policy is the enhancement of institutional autonomy for Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). Institutional autonomy is widely regarded as a crucial factor in promoting academic freedom, innovation, institutional efficiency, and global competitiveness. Universities and colleges that possess academic, administrative, and financial autonomy are better equipped to design flexible curricula, undertake interdisciplinary research, and respond effectively to changing socio-economic demands. However, the expansion of institutional autonomy also raises important legal and regulatory concerns. Issues related to accountability, regulatory oversight, equity, and constitutional obligations become highly relevant in the context of autonomy. Educational institutions in India operate within a constitutional framework that emphasizes social justice, equality, and public responsibility. This research paper critically examines the concept of institutional autonomy under the framework of NEP 2020 from a legal perspective. The study analyses constitutional provisions, statutory regulations, and judicial interpretations governing higher education in India. The study is based on doctrinal research methodology using secondary sources such as policy documents, statutes, research articles, books, and judicial decisions. The paper concludes that while NEP 2020 provides a progressive vision for strengthening higher education through autonomy, its successful implementation requires a balanced regulatory framework that integrates institutional freedom with accountability and constitutional compliance.
Dr. Shreyasee Sunil Parab (Tue,) studied this question.