Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) in humans is a rare and severe form of chronic renal inflammation, characterized by extensive destruction of renal parenchyma and the formation of granulomatous tissue with lipid-laden macrophages. We present the case of a 6-year-old male Pomeranian dog exhibiting mild lethargy over the past month. Imaging studies, including abdominal ultrasonography and an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan, revealed a markedly enlarged right kidney with multiple hypoattenuating areas. A radical nephrectomy was performed to remove the affected kidney. Histopathological examination of the nephrectomy specimen confirmed a diagnosis of XGP, demonstrating extensive parenchymal destruction, abscess formation, and infiltration of CD68 + vacuolated macrophages. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented case of XGP in a dog. This report highlights the importance of considering XGP in the differential diagnosis of canine patients presenting with imaging findings suggestive of renal masses or abscesses.
Moosavian et al. (Sat,) studied this question.