Design and optimization of high torque density spoke-type inverted V shape IPMSM with concentrated winding for EV applications

A novel spoke-type inverted V shape interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) topology with asymmetric flux barriers that features a four-pole, twelve-slot arrangement is presented in this work to improve the performance of electric vehicles (EVs). The proposed design minimizes copper losses by using concentrated windings while reducing weight which leads to high efficiency. Torque density, cogging torque, and flux distribution are important performance indicators that are compared to a traditional baseline design using finite element analysis (FEA). The average torque has been enhanced as well as torque ripple reduction is achieved by employing parametric as well as multi-objective genetic optimization. The machine generates less heat and operates more efficiently, attributed to its small size, shorter stack length, and significantly lower core losses. With improvements of 68.4 % in torque per volume, 54.2 % in torque density, and 34.3 % in torque per kVA, as well as 16.9 % in power per volume and 78.3 % in power density, the proposed AIPM-II operates more efficiently than the traditional AIPM-I. Furthermore, it ensures smoother operation by reducing torque ripple by 32.8 %. Additionally, lower core losses improve thermal efficiency, enhancing the machine's durability. The cost-effective and compact nature of this design minimizes material usage, making it a more viable option for EV manufacturers.