An Integrative Review of Anatomical Changes in Gulpha Sandhi in Amavata Acorrding Ayurveda and Modern Science

This review focuses on the structural and functional alterations in Gulpha Sandhi Sharir (ankle joint) with particular reference to Amavata. In Ayurvedic science, the Gulpha Sandhi represents the ankle joint, a vital component responsible for locomotion and stability. Amavata is a long-standing inflammatory disorder that shows strong similarity to rheumatoid arthritis and mainly affects joints, producing symptoms such as pain, swelling, stiffness, and restricted movement. The present study evaluates important anatomical elements of the Gulpha Sandhi, including bones, ligaments, tendons, and synovial membranes, and elaborates on how these are affected during Amavata. By correlating descriptions from classical Ayurvedic literature with modern medical understanding, the study explains the pathogenesis of Amavata, particularly emphasizing the accumulation of Ama (toxic metabolites) and its interaction with Vata Dosha. Key pathological features such as joint tissue degeneration, synovial fluid abnormalities, and inflammatory processes are discussed. The study aims to integrate Ayurvedic concepts with modern anatomical perspectives to provide deeper insight into the effective management of this condition.