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Antimicrobial resistance or AMR is a slow-moving pandemic which has already started disrupting major sectors of the global economy. In this work the impact of AMR on human health is addressed with implications for the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, food and agriculture and the healthcare sector. Pathogen specific drug resistance along with the environmental dimensions of AMR is also covered with impact in low- and middle-income countries. AMR is linked with the sustainable development goals which further aggravates the uncertainties in medical treatment. Additionally, strategies are presented to address AMR using an integrated framework of artificial intelligence or AI to identify AMR specific microbial biofilm growth, and resources for genotypic and phenotypic markers connected to it. Such resources are useful in predicting infectious growth pattern. Appropriation of antibiotic usage with rapid diagnostics, AI-enabled technologies and holistic methods for controlling AMR will be critical in ensuring global stability.
Bhattacharya et al. (Mon,) studied this question.