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This is a Literature Review study.

September 10, 2025

An Overview of Geography and Biodiversity in the Himalayan Region

Key Points

Biodiversity in the Himalayan region is threatened by climate change and habitat degradation, impacting local communities involved in resource management.
The review discusses endemic species like Schizothorax spp. and Tor putitora, which are crucial to the region's ecological health and fishing economy.
Geography and biodiversity interlink in the Himalayas, creating diverse ecosystems challenging to manage against emerging threats.
Emphasizing sustainable management strategies, the findings call for improved conservation efforts to protect the unique ecology of the Himalayas.

Abstract

The Himalayan region is a geologically dynamic and ecologically rich mountain system,spanning diverse climate zones and altitudes. Its unique geography supports a wide range of ecosystems, from tropical forests to alpine meadows, and harbors significant biodiversity, including endemic cold-water fish like Schizothorax spp. and Tor putitora. However, climate change, glacial retreat, habitat degradation, and invasive species threaten both ecological balance and local livelihoods. This review highlights the interlinked geographical and biological features of the Himalayas and emphasizes the need for integrated conservation and sustainable management strategies

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