Exploring the toxicological impact of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) exposure on bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) through network toxicology, machine learning, and multi-dimensional bioinformatics analysis

Key Points

• The research aims to understand how NDMA contributes to bladder urothelial carcinoma through various mechanisms.
• Utilized network toxicology to identify pathways affected by NDMA.
• Applied machine learning techniques to analyze data from multiple sources.
• Conducted a multi-dimensional bioinformatics analysis to determine core genes related to carcinogenesis.
• Identified core genes that may serve as biomarkers for bladder cancer.
• Proposed an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) for assessing NDMA's environmental risks.
• Demonstrated a multi-target mechanism of NDMA promoting bladder cancer.