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This research aims to develop a theoretical framework for precise microwave electric field measurement using structured beams.

March 25, 2026Open Access

Theoretical Analysis of Enhanced Microwave Measurement Using Structured Beams

Key Points

This research aims to develop a theoretical framework for precise microwave electric field measurement using structured beams.
Proposed a structured control field using a Bessel-Gauss beam.
Analyzed the impact of spatial structure characteristics on probe transmission linewidth.
Performed simulations to assess spectrum resolution and minimum detectability.
Achieved a minimum detectability that is one-tenth compared to conventional methods.
Improved spectral resolution by approximately 40 times through simulation.
Demonstrated good robustness of the proposed measurement system.

Abstract

A theoretical scheme for precise measurement of microwave (MW) electric fields is proposed using a structured control field in Rydberg atoms. We use a Bessel–Gauss (BG) beam to drive the excited-state transition, its spatial structure characteristics result in a narrow linewidth of probe transmission, which benefits MW electric field measurement. It is interesting that the spectral linewidth could be further narrowed by increasing the azimuthal index. The minimum detectability of the MW field is about one-tenth of the common electromagnetically induced transparency scheme, and the spectrum resolution could be improved by about 40 times from simulation. Moreover, the system has good robustness.

Theoretical Analysis of Enhanced Microwave Measurement Using Structured Beams

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Abstract

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