Time-Restricted Eating in the Management of Sthaulya: An Ayurvedic Perspective on Kala Bhojana and Langhan

Background: Sthaulya, a Santarpanottha Vikara characterized by Kapha–Meda vriddhi and Agnimandya, is a growing health concern. Modern dietary strategies, such as Time-Restricted Eating (TRE), have shown potential in reducing body weight, improving metabolic parameters, and enhancing adherence. Objective: This review evaluates TRE in the context of Ayurvedic principles of Kala Bhojana (proper meal timing) and Langhana, exploring its potential as a conceptual framework for Sthaulya management. Methods: Literature on TRE (2015–2025) and classical Ayurvedic texts (Charaka, Sushruta, Ashtanga Hridaya) were analyzed. TRE interventions were mapped to Ayurvedic principles regarding meal timing, Agni regulation, and Meda reduction. Results: TRE aligns conceptually with Kala Bhojana by controlling eating windows and with Langhana by inducing mild caloric restriction. Clinical evidence demonstrates reductions in BMI, improved lipid and glucose metabolism, and enhanced metabolic flexibility. These outcomes parallel the Ayurvedic strategy of Deepana–Pachana followed by Agni correction and Meda reduction in Sthaulya management. Conclusion: TRE can be interpreted as a modern dietary strategy reflecting classical Ayurvedic principles. Conceptually, TRE represents a practical, evidence-informed approach to managing Sthaulya by regulating meal timing and promoting metabolic balance. Further clinical studies integrating Ayurvedic frameworks and modern dietary interventions are warranted.