What does this research mean for the field?

Among patients with untreated mild obstructive sleep apnea, 82.9% exhibit a dipper phenotype, while 17.1% are identified as risers, nearly double the prevalence reported in the general population. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.NOVEL_FINDING. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to identify the prevalence of dipper, non-dipper, and riser phenotypes in patients with untreated mild OSA.

January 10, 2026Open Access

Distribution of Dipper, Non-dipper, or Riser Phenotypes in Patients with Mild OSA Untreated with CPAP at UMAA No. 68 in Chihuahua, Mexico

MBMarco Orlando Sánchez BustillosMexican Social Security Institute LCLuis CamposMexican Social Security Institute JLJ LealMexican Social Security Institute

Key Result

Among patients with untreated mild OSA, 82.9% exhibited a dipper phenotype, while 17.1% were identified as risers, nearly double the general population prevalence.

Key Points

The aim is to identify the prevalence of dipper, non-dipper, and riser phenotypes in patients with untreated mild OSA.
Conducted an analytical cross-sectional observational study.
Included patients diagnosed with mild OSA not receiving CPAP therapy.
Utilized 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) for data collection.
Performed statistical analysis using SPSS v26.
82.9% of patients exhibited a dipper phenotype.
17.1% exhibited a riser phenotype, nearly twice the rate found in the general population.
31.4% of participants were documented to have hypertension.

Structured PICO

Population

70 adult patients (mean age 54.46 ± 15.9 years, 55.7% women) with untreated mild obstructive sleep apnea (AHI 5-15 events/hour) not receiving CPAP therapy, evaluated at a single center in Chihuahua, Mexico.

Outcome

Distribution of dipper, non-dipper, and riser blood pressure phenotypes measured by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM)surrogate

Patients with untreated mild OSA have a significantly higher prevalence of the high-risk riser blood pressure phenotype compared to the general population, highlighting the importance of 24-hour ABPM for cardiovascular risk stratification in this group.

Main Result

Absolute Event Rate: 0% vs 0%

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with alterations in blood pressure (BP) regulation, influencing hypertension (HTN) control and increasing cardiovascular risk, with three nocturnal BP patterns described: a 10–20% decrease (“dipper”), a 0–10% decrease (“non-dipper”), or an increase during sleep (“riser”). This analytical cross-sectional observational study aimed to identify the distribution of dipper, non-dipper, and riser phenotypes in patients with untreated mild OSA evaluated at UMAA No. 68, Chihuahua. Patients with a diagnosis of mild OSA who were not receiving CPAP therapy were included, and data from 2021–2023 were obtained from the pulmonology service. Twenty-four–hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed, and SPSS v26 was used for statistical analysis. A total of 70 patients were analyzed (mean age 54.46 ± 15.9 years; 55.7% women), with hypertension documented in 31.4% of participants; overall, 82.9% exhibited a dipper phenotype and 17.1% a riser phenotype. The dipper phenotype predominated among patients with untreated mild OSA, while the riser phenotype was present in 17.1% of cases-approximately twice the prevalence reported in the general population-suggesting that nocturnal BP phenotype should be considered a relevant clinical feature in this population.

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