Key result
Untreated mild OSA is linked to a ~17% prevalence of the riser blood pressure phenotype.
Why the study?
Obstructive sleep apnea alters blood pressure regulation and increases cardiovascular risk, prompting the evaluation of dipper, non-dipper, and riser nocturnal patterns in untreated mild disease.
Patients with untreated mild OSA have a significantly higher prevalence of the high-risk riser blood pressure phenotype compared to the general population, highlighting the importance of 24-hour ABPM for cardiovascular risk stratification in this group.
Riser BP phenotype may be more prevalent in untreated mild OSA; hypothesis-generating for ABPM-guided risk stratification and needs prospective validation.
"Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with alterations in blood pressure (BP) regulation, influencing hypertension (HTN) control and increasing cardiovascular risk, with three nocturnal BP patterns described: a 10–20% decrease (“dipper”), a 0–10% decrease (“non-dipper”), or an increase during sleep (“riser”). This analytical cross-sectional observational study aimed to identify the distribution of dipper, non-dipper, and riser phenotypes in patients with untreated mild OSA evaluated at UMAA No. 68, Chihuahua. Patients with a diagnosis of mild OSA who were not receiving CPAP therapy were included, and data from 2021–2023 were obtained from the pulmonology service. Twenty-four–hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed, and SPSS v26 was used for statistical analysis. A total of 70 patients were analyzed (mean age 54.46 ± 15.9 years; 55.7% women), with hypertension documented in 31.4% of participants; overall, 82.9% exhibited a dipper phenotype and 17.1% a riser phenotype. The dipper phenotype predominated among patients with untreated mild OSA, while the riser phenotype was present in 17.1% of cases-approximately twice the prevalence reported in the general population-suggesting that nocturnal BP phenotype should be considered a relevant clinical feature in this population."
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Bustillos et al. (2025) studied this question. Among patients with untreated mild OSA, 82.9% exhibited a dipper phenotype, while 17.1% were identified as risers, nearly double the general population prevalence.
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