This study assessed the levels of heavy metal contamination (Fe, Cu, Ni, Co, Pb, Cd) in agricultural soils in Thi-Qar, southern Iraq. The study employed several measures, including environmental pollution assessment tools (EPATs), such as the pollutant load index (PLI), contamination factor (CF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), and potential ecological risk factor (Er). For the investigation, four soil samples were taken from each of the two different regions of Thi-Qar state, Said Dakhil and Al-Jebaish, at 500-meter intervals. Heavy metals were extracted based on ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC) with a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) procedure using a hydrophobic ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIMPF6) before being measured by a flame atomic absorption spectrometer (F-AAS). 1.0 g of homogenized soil, 0.5 mL of ethanol, and 10.0 mL of deionized water were put into a 50 mL beaker and mixed to form a slurry at a pH of 5.0–7.0. The study's findings showed that all soil samples had average metal concentrations that fell between the following ranges: Fe (180.871 mg kg-1), Cu (29.153 mg kg-1), Ni (11.384 mg kg-1), Co (9.55 mg kg-1), Pb (7.708 mg kg-1), and Cd (0.254 mg kg-1), The distance of the agricultural areas from pollutants related to human activity was found to be the reason for the observed decline in heavy metal concentrations, which followed the order of Fe > Cu > Ni > Co > Pb > Cd. The Igeo values showed that the metals' contamination levels followed this order: Cd > Pb > Cu > Co > Ni > Fe.
Salem et al. (Sun,) studied this question.
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