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Analysis of heavy metals in agricultural soil based on dispersive ionic liquid–liquid microextraction using FAAS and evaluation of environmental pollution assessment tools

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Assesses heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils, revealing pollution assessment insights.

The central goal is to analyze heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils using various assessment tools.
Implemented dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for heavy metal extraction.
Collected soil samples from two regions in Thi-Qar state at 500-meter intervals.
Employed environmental pollution assessment tools like pollutant load index and geo-accumulation index.
Measured heavy metal concentrations using flame atomic absorption spectrometry.
Average metal concentrations found: Fe (180.871 mg kg-1), Cu (29.153 mg kg-1), Ni (11.384 mg kg-1), Co (9.55 mg kg-1), Pb (7.708 mg kg-1), Cd (0.254 mg kg-1).
Heavy metal concentration decreased with increased distance from pollutant sources.
Pollution levels followed the order: Fe > Cu > Ni > Co > Pb > Cd.
Contamination levels indicated by Igeo values showed the order: Cd > Pb > Cu > Co > Ni > Fe.

Salem et al. (2026) studied this question.

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