Digital transformation in the world of education has encouraged the adoption of various technology-based learning media, one of which is e-modules. E-modules are considered to provide a more flexible, interactive, and interesting learning experience for elementary school students. This research aims to examine the trends, development models, effectiveness, and challenges of e-modules through the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, following the PRISMA methodology. A total of 19 scientific articles published between 2018 and 2024 were systematically reviewed using the stages of identification, screening, feasibility selection, and data synthesis. The literature search was conducted using databases such as Scopus, Google Scholar, ERIC, and DOAJ, with keywords including "e-module," "elementary school," "digital learning," and "technology integration." The results of the study show that the majority of e-modules developed use innovative learning approaches such as Problem Based Learning, Project Based Learning, Contextual Teaching and Learning, as well as science and sustainability literacy-based approaches. The analyzed e-modules have high validity (average above 90%), high practicality, and have been proven to be effective in improving learning outcomes, learning motivation, science literacy, critical thinking skills, and student independence. The e-module also integrates various multimedia elements such as videos, narratives, interactive quizzes, and digital simulations that reinforce students' fascination and understanding of the material. However, some of the challenges found include limited digital infrastructure, lack of teacher training in the development and use of e-modules, and limited access to students in certain areas. Therefore, a comprehensive implementation strategy, strong education policy support, and increased digital literacy for educators and students are needed. This study concludes that e-modules have great potential in supporting the digitalization of learning in primary schools, noting that technical and resource challenges must be addressed collaboratively. These findings are expected to be the basis for the development of education policies and learning media innovations in the future.
Faidah et al. (Sat,) studied this question.