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Relevance. Cognitive activity is an important part of scientific and technological development and is necessary for a modern person to gain new knowledge, self-improvement, comprehensive development, and productive professional activity. In this regard, there is a need to develop cognitive activity in high school and university students. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to reveal approaches to the development of the cognitive activity of students in the process of studying natural sciences, in particular physics. The role of studying scientific foundations in the process of teaching natural disciplines in the development of the cognitive activity of students was revealed. Methodology. This study developed and tested a methodology aimed at enhancing students' cognitive activity through the study of scientific foundations, particularly in physics. It involved analyzing cognitive activity components, criteria for their development, and integrating these into a structured approach, which was then implemented and evaluated among high school and university students. Results. Implementation of the methodology led to a 25% improvement in cognitive activity among high school students (grades 10-11) compared to a 15% increase in university students (1st-2nd years). The more significant gains in high school students suggest that early application of such methodologies can be particularly effective. Observations revealed that university students had generally higher levels of cognitive activity due to more advanced scientific engagement. Conclusions. The study highlights the effectiveness of targeted methodologies in developing cognitive activity, particularly in high school students. The results advocate for earlier and more focused interventions to enhance cognitive processes, suggesting that integrating research activities into high school curricula could substantially benefit students' academic and professional development. Keywords: self-development; academic foundation; cognitive processes; active thinking; professional activity
Autova et al. (Mon,) studied this question.