December 5, 2025Open Access

The S-Layer Cosmology: A Spectral Thin-Layer Alternative to Dark Matter (v4.1)

Key Points

The framework uses a spectral thin-layer model to replicate dynamics typically explained by dark matter, suggesting alternative theories.
Key aspects include the APEX section and saturation amplitude AS, highlighting significant observational criteria.
The analytical model produces rotation curves and cluster-lensing profiles, allowing for independent recalculation of dynamics.
This approach may reshape cosmological theories, emphasizing alternative frameworks in understanding galactic behavior.

Abstract

The S-Layer Cosmology (v4.1) is a phenomenological framework developed by Ralf Zimmermann, reproducing galactic and cluster-scale dynamics without particle dark matter. Version 4.1 introduces the new APEX section, which clarifies the physical meaning and observability of the saturation amplitude AS. The model is analytically compact, internally consistent, and fully reproducible: rotation curves, BTFR scaling, and cluster-lensing profiles can be independently recalculated using the relations provided in the manuscript.

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