The framework demonstrates galactic and cluster-scale dynamics without dark matter, suggesting a new perspective on cosmology.
The S-Layer Cosmology (v4.1) is a phenomenological framework developed by Ralf Zimmermann, reproducing galactic and cluster-scale dynamics without particle dark matter. Version 4.1 introduces the new APEX section, which clarifies the physical meaning and observability of the saturation amplitude AS. The model is analytically compact, internally consistent, and fully reproducible: rotation curves, BTFR scaling, and cluster-lensing profiles can be independently recalculated using the relations provided in the manuscript.
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Zimmermann, Ralf (2025) studied this question.
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