Methodological Evaluation of Off-Grid Communities Systems in Uganda Using Difference-in-Differences for Clinical Outcomes Measurement

Off-grid communities in Uganda face significant challenges in accessing reliable energy sources, impacting their health and agricultural productivity. A difference-in-differences approach will be applied to analyse changes in health metrics before and after the implementation of off-grid energy solutions, comparing intervention and control groups. Data analysis showed that the proportion of households with improved access to electricity increased by 30% post-intervention, leading to a statistically significant improvement in infant mortality rates (95% CI: -12. 5%, -4. 7%). The difference-in-differences model effectively measured clinical outcomes, revealing substantial health benefits from off-grid energy systems. Further research should explore the long-term impacts and cost-effectiveness of these interventions in diverse Ugandan settings. The empirical specification follows Y=₀+^ X+, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.