Meta-Analysis of the Epidemiology of Aedes Aegypti-Borne Arboviruses in Brazil: Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya

Aedes aegypti-borne arboviruses ‒ dengue, Zika, and chikungunya ‒ pose a major public health challenge in Brazil, with significant impacts on morbidity and mortality, population quality of life, and the national economy. These diseases are influenced by socio-environmental factors: rapid urbanization, inadequate sanitation, and climate change, which favor vector proliferation. Clinical similarity among arboviruses complicates accurate diagnosis, while cross-immunity between dengue and Zika modulates infection severity. Data from 2015 to 2023 were analyzed with a focus on geographic distribution, temporal trends, public health impact, control measures, and scientific advances. A meta-analysis was conducted using epidemiological studies, Ministry of Health reports, and public databases on dengue, Zika, and chikungunya from 2015 to 2023. Indexed scientific articles from PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS were included, as well as official epidemiological bulletins. Data were analyzed for incidence, regional distribution, case-fatality, and associated complications. Prevention and control strategies were also reviewed, including vaccines, biological methods, and public policies. Dengue: Between 2022 and 2023, cases increased from 1. 4 million to more than 1. 6 million, with higher concentration in the Center-West and Southeast regions. Case-fatality ranged from 0. 04% to 0. 08%, with more severe outbreaks associated with DENV-2 and DENV-3 serotypes. Chikungunya: In 2023, 172, 000 cases were recorded, with the highest incidence in the Northeast. About 50% of those infected develop chronic arthralgia, generating average costs of R 10, 000 per patient/year for treatment. Zika: After the peak in 2015–2016 (200, 000 cases), circulation has remained sustained, with 5, 000 cases in 2023. More than 3, 500 congenital syndrome diagnoses were confirmed in the period. Key control strategies include the introduction of the Qdenga® vaccine into the SUS, clinical trials of Zika vaccines, and the use of Wolbachia bacteria to reduce viral transmission. Arboviruses remain a serious public health problem in Brazil and require integrated approaches combining epidemiological surveillance, scientific advances, and intersectoral policies. Despite progress, including new vaccines and innovative vector-control methods, strengthening sanitation, health education, and research remains essential to mitigate the impact of these diseases.