Who Bears Responsibility for a Child’s General Education: The State, Parents, or the Learner

The article examines the allocation of legal responsibility for a minor’s general education in the context of the constitutional requirement that basic general education is compulsory and the statutory mechanisms for its implementation. It analyzes the correlation between the State’s public-law duties to secure accessibility and procedural safeguards in education, the parents’ (legal representatives’) family-law duty to facilitate the child’s participation in schooling, and the learner’s duties to act in good faith within the educational process. The study identifies key areas of normative uncertainty arising from the terminology of educational levels, the consistency between parental powers and statutory expectations of compulsory schooling, and the unevenness of administrative and institutional practices. The article argues that strengthening legal certainty and ensuring procedural uniformity are essential to maintaining a fair balance between the interests of the child, the family, and the State in the field of education.