An EIL Awareness Questionnaire: Development and Validity in a Japanese Context

This study describes the construction of an EIL feasibility questionnaire that can be used in a Japanese context applying the theoretical rameworks of Jenkins (2005) and Golombek and Jordan (2005). Following the psychometric procedure for questionnaire development established by Vandergrift, Goh, Mareschal, and Tafaghodtari (2006), a questionnaire was created, its validity confirmed, and exploratory/confirmatory factor analyses conducted. Eleven items were removed from the first 55-item version of the questionnaire. A 44-item version was administered to 203 Japanese university students and the results underwent exploratory factor analysis. The results yielded a nine-item questionnaire with a three-factor model. The first factor comprised four items and was named Native Speaker Myths. The second factor included three items and was named Identity. The third factor, EIL Awareness, consisted of two items. This tentative three-factor uestionnaire model was sent to another group of 144 Japanese university students. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the questionnaire’s three-factor model was significantly valid and reliable.