Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common causes of infertility in women and involves not only hormonal and metabolic problems but also immune system dysregulation. Women with PCOS often experience chronic low-grade inflammation involving the ovaries and uterus, which can impair egg quality and hinder successful embryo implantation. They are also more prone to autoimmune diseases, including thyroid disorders, which can contribute to pregnancy complications and miscarriages. This review synthesizes recent studies showing how immune cells and inflammatory molecules interfere with fertility in PCOS, and how certain existing treatments-such as metformin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists-may also help by improving immune balance. Understanding these immune mechanisms will help researchers and clinicians develop more targeted and effective therapies, supporting women with PCOS in achieving healthier pregnancies.
Romero et al. (Thu,) studied this question.