April 26, 2012Open Access
View Full PaperElectromagnetic Interference and Implanted Cardiac Devices: The Nonmedical Environment (Part I)
Structured PICO
Does exposure to nonmedical sources of electromagnetic interference affect the function of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices?
P
Population
Patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), such as permanent pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators
I
Intervention
Exposure to nonmedical sources of electromagnetic interference (EMI)
O
Outcome
Interference with CIED function through electromagnetic interference (EMI)safety
This review provides a contemporary overview of the risks of electromagnetic interference from nonmedical sources on cardiovascular implantable electronic devices to guide physician awareness and management.
Abstract
The number of patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), such as permanent pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, is dramatically rising due to an aging population and recent clinical trials showing benefits in mortality and morbidity. Coupled with this increase in the number of patients with CIEDs is the proliferation of technology that emits electromagnetic signals, which can potentially interfere with CIED function through electromagnetic interference (EMI). Despite continuous efforts of manufacturers to create "EMI-proof" CIEDs, adverse events from EMI still occur. Physicians caring for patients with CIEDs should be aware of potential sources of EMI and appropriate management options. This 2-part review aims to provide a contemporary overview of the current knowledge regarding risks attributable to EMI interactions from the most common nonmedical (Part I) and medical (Part II) sources.