A nonlinear feedback model accounted for sustained stable blood pressure oscillations of 0.1 to 0.4 Hz across species, with frequency variations primarily due to scaling of conduction times.
A nonlinear feedback model better explains the stable slow oscillations in blood pressure across species compared to linear models, localizing the nonlinearity to the central nervous system.
Blood pressure is well established to contain a potential oscillation between 0.1 and 0.4 Hz, which is proposed to reflect resonant feedback in the baroreflex loop. A linear feedback model, comprising delay and lag terms for the vasculature, and a linear proportional derivative controller have been proposed to account for the 0.4-Hz oscillation in blood pressure in rats. However, although this model can produce oscillations at the required frequency, some strict relationships between the controller and vasculature parameters must be true for the oscillations to be stable. We developed a nonlinear model, containing an amplitude-limiting nonlinearity that allows for similar oscillations under a very mild set of assumptions. Models constructed from arterial pressure and sympathetic nerve activity recordings obtained from conscious rabbits under resting conditions suggest that the nonlinearity in the feedback loop is not contained within the vasculature, but rather is confined to the central nervous system. The advantage of the model is that it provides for sustained stable oscillations under a wide variety of situations even where gain at various points along the feedback loop may be altered, a situation that is not possible with a linear feedback model. Our model shows how variations in some of the nonlinearity characteristics can account for growth or decay in the oscillations and situations where the oscillations can disappear altogether. Such variations are shown to accord well with observed experimental data. Additionally, using a nonlinear feedback model, it is straightforward to show that the variation in frequency of the oscillations in blood pressure in rats (0.4 Hz), rabbits (0.3 Hz), and humans (0.1 Hz) is primarily due to scaling effects of conduction times between species.
Ringwood et al. (Sun,) conducted a other in Blood pressure oscillations. Nonlinear feedback model vs. Linear feedback model was evaluated on Sustained stable oscillations in blood pressure. A nonlinear feedback model accounted for sustained stable blood pressure oscillations of 0.1 to 0.4 Hz across species, with frequency variations primarily due to scaling of conduction times.