Study the relationship between TGF-β gene expression and TH17 in influencing recurrent miscarriages in women with autoimmune thyroid disease.

Background: TGF-β is the main regulator of immune responses and plays an important role in the development of autoimmune diseases in humans, and is strongly implicated in autoimmune thyroid diseases. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the immunological and gene expression of TGF-β and their relationship to recurrent miscarriages. Methodology: The study was conducted in Iraq in Salahuddin province, during which 90 samples were collected from women,70 of whom were infected with AITD with positive TPOAb. They were compared with 20 healthy women. Results: During this study, highly significant differences in TGF-β gene expression were observed at p ≤ 0.001 between patients with AITD and healthy individuals. The means were (1.739±0.214) and (1.208±0.347), with highly significant differences in the immunological TGF-β levels at p≤0.001 between pregnant patients and patients with RM, and the means were (1.7511±0.4955) and (1.0145±0.1960). It was also found that significant differences in the level of TH17 at p≤0.001 existed between pregnant patients and those with RM; the mean was (1.0111±0.2284) and (1.5298±0.2922), respectively. Conclusion: Through this study, it was found that the presence of the TGF-β gene and its high levels maintain pregnancy and work to suppress the cytokines secreted by Th17, which stimulate miscarriage. Additionally, the high level of the gene enhances its immune response, while its low level activates Th17 cells and increases the secretion of inflammatory cytokines.