Electrochemical Stability and Corrosion Resistance of Metallic Implants: An Integrative Review on Surface Engineering and Biocompatibility

Objective: This study aims to investigate the electrochemical behavior and corrosion stability of metallic implants, with a focus on improving biomedical safety and performance. Theoretical Framework: The work is grounded in biomaterials science, electrochemistry, and surface engineering, considering models of corrosion kinetics and surface passivation. Method: An integrative literature review was conducted using systematic protocols (PRISMA 2009), encompassing 21 peer-reviewed articles from 2010 to 2024, sourced from Web of Science, Springer, and Wiley. Results and Discussion: The review identified that magnesium- and titanium-based alloys dominate research on implant materials, with surface coatings and mechanical treatments playing vital roles in enhancing biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. Advanced techniques, such as EIS, are underutilized but critical. Research Implications: The results suggest that surface engineering has a direct impact on implant lifespan, ion release, and immune response, supporting improved clinical performance and design innovation. Originality/Value: This review synthesizes findings across biomedical materials science, highlighting the intersection of corrosion protection and biological integration, providing a comprehensive foundation for next-generation implant technologies.