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Cryo-EM reveals TXNL1 binding to proteasome's regulatory particle, suggesting critical role in oxidative stress response.
Proteasomes degrade diverse proteins in different cellular contexts through incompletely defined regulatory mechanisms. Here we report the cryo-EM structure of human thioredoxin-like protein 1 (TXNL1) bound to the 19S regulatory particle of proteasomes via interactions with PSMD1 (Rpn2), PSMD4 (Rpn10) and PSMD14 (Rpn11). Proteasome binding is necessary for the ubiquitin-independent degradation of TXNL1 upon cellular exposure to metal- or metalloid-containing oxidative agents, thereby establishing a structural requirement for the stress-induced degradation of TXNL1.
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Gao et al. (2025) studied this question.
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