Are Extracellular Vesicles Used in Tissue Engineering Effective for Regenerative Endodontic Treatments? Scoping Review

The purpose was to analyse the efficacy of extracellular vesicles (EVs) used in tissue engineering for regenerative endodontic treatments. The study followed the Guidance's recommendations for conducting systematic scoping reviews. A systematic electronic search was conducted to answer: “Are extracellular vesicles used in tissue engineering effective for regenerative endodontic treatments?”. A total of 393 scientific articles were selected, and after applying the inclusion criteria and excluding duplicate articles, 14 articles were included in this research. The most used EVs were exosomes, which were mostly extracted from stem cells and used in association with biomaterials or cells. All included studies demonstrated the effectiveness of extracellular vesicles in promoting pulp regeneration. The mechanisms involved in tissue formation include odontogenic and angiogenic differentiation, as well as control of the inflammatory process after the use of EVs. It is concluded that therapy with EVs is promising for endodontic clinics.