Evaluating Fertilization Control and Reproductive Manipulation Techniques for Enhancing Crustacean Reproductive Performance: A Review

Crustacean aquaculture nowadays continues to rely heavily on wild broodstock. Various fertilization control and reproductive manipulation techniques, such as artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization (IVF), eyestalk ablation, hormonal injections, and culture condition manipulation, can improve crustacean reproduction as part of the domestication effort; however, the existing knowledge on these techniques is scattered. Therefore, this review paper gathers and consolidates fragmented knowledge on crustacean breeding, serving as a valuable reference for managing hatchery seed production. Artificial insemination involves introducing male sperm into the female genitalia to achieve in vivo fertilization, while IVF involves collecting oocytes and sperm and then using the sperm to fertilize the oocytes outside the body. Eyestalk ablation refers to the removal of one ocular globe from the crustacean's eyestalk to accelerate ovarian maturation. Other techniques, such as hormonal injections, use hormones like estrogen, GnRH, MF, MIH, pregnenolone, and 5‐HT, which have proven effective in stimulating gonad maturation. Controlling culture conditions, such as adjusting temperature and light, can also enhance ovarian development and increase spawning rates. Overall, these advanced fertilization control and reproductive manipulation techniques aid in increasing seed stock for commercial crustacean farming in the future.