Evaluating the Effects of Screen Time on the Wellbeing of Young people and Recommend Strategies for Healthy Digital Practices: Scoping review. (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Concerns over the impact of digital device use on youth mental health have grown substantially in recent years. While existing research presents mixed findings, some highlighting negative effects on the well-being and others noting potential benefits, there remains a need to consolidate this body of evidence. OBJECTIVE The current study aims to map and synthesize the existing literature on the impact of screen time on the mental health and well-being of young people. The study further seeks to identify both risks and potential benefits associated with digital use, and to recommend evidence informed strategies for promoting healthy habits among youth, including adolescents and young adults. METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, comprehensive searches were conducted across databases including PubMed, CINAHL Plus, APA PsychInfo, Medline, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and through manual searches. Twelve peer reviewed articles published between January 2019 and September 2023 met the inclusion criteria. Studies were selected based on their examination of the mental health impacts of screen time among young people, including both adverse and beneficial outcomes. Exclusion criteria included studies focusing exclusively on educational screen use or populations outside the youth age range. Data were extracted and evaluated using a quality assessment tool. RESULTS The findings of the current study disclosed various relationship between screen time and youth mental health categorised three major themes: mental health, poor physical health, and social implications. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the urgent need to foster balanced and mindful digital habits among young people. As digital engagement continues to grow, a comprehensive understanding of of its implications for mental health is essential. Collaborative action from educators, healthcare professionals, policymakers, and families are vital to creating supportive digital environments that promote youth well-being.