Agronomic, nutritional and sensory assessment of biofortified bush bean genotypes (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) intercropped with coffee (Coffea arabica L.)

Abstract This study evaluates agronomic, nutritional, and sensory attributes of biofortified bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes intercropped with coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in Colombia. Four advanced biofortified lines (BNA4, BNA8, BNA21, DAN15) and two commercial varieties (ICA Quimbaya and Calima) were assessed across contrasting environments. Key phenotypic traits such as growth habit and canopy architecture were prioritized for intercropping suitability. Nutritional quality was measured in terms of iron and zinc content, while sensory evaluation considered consumer acceptance. Phenological analyses revealed early maturity in BNA4 and BNA21, which are advantageous for escaping adverse conditions. BNA21 showed superior yield stability (up to 2,208 kg/ha), while BNA4 recorded the highest iron (73.9–82.1 mg/kg) and zinc (41.7–50.0 mg/kg) concentrations, surpassing commercial checks. Sensory tests highlighted unique grain attributes of BNA4 and BNA21, contributing to consumer acceptance and market differentiation. Genotype x Environment (GxE) interactions significantly influenced performance, underscoring the role of tailored agronomic practices, BNA21 and BNA8 showed the highest stability across environments. Biofortified lines demonstrated enhanced contributions to dietary iron and zinc, meeting up to 68% and 38% of daily requirements for children, respectively. The findings support the potential of biofortified bush beans as a nutritional crop for coffee-growing systems, enhancing food security and income generation for smallholder farmers. This work reinforces the importance of integrated breeding and agronomic strategies in optimizing intercropped systems.