Photic phenomena after presbyopia-correcting intraocular lens implantation: incidence, risk factors, prevention, and strategies

The advent of refractive cataract surgery has resulted in better spectacle independence and quality of life in patients, accompanied by increased patient expectations. Photic phenomena, such as glare, halo, and starbursts, are the most common visual complaints in patients and have become major causes of dissatisfaction after refractive cataract surgery. Our review aimed to explore the incidence, risk factors, prevention, and management strategies for photic phenomena after presbyopia-correcting intraocular lens implantation, providing evidence to develop strategies to prevent and treat photic phenomena. The following databases were searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science to conduct the review. The level of scientific evidence was graded according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). Photic phenomena remain a significant challenge in refractive cataract surgery, despite advancements in presbyopia-correcting intraocular lens technology. Based on current evidence, rigorous patient selection, precise surgical execution, and tailored postoperative care - is paramount to minimizing photic phenomena. Surgeons must balance technological innovation with individualized patient counseling to align expectations with achievable visual outcomes. Future well-designed studies and advanced simulation tools are needed to better assess these symptoms, explore related risk factors, and improve prevention strategies.