Abstract Nanotechnology plays a pivotal role in addressing environmental challenges by providing innovative tools for toxin removal and sustainable solutions. Nanomaterials, particularly nano clays (NCs), offer broad applications due to their unique physicochemical properties. NCs, composed of natural phyllosilicates, are chemically processed to include elements like oxygen and silicon. Their layered structure allows for expansion with water absorption, increasing volume up to six‐fold and forming stable gels. In wastewater treatment, NCs are effective in removing heavy metals and adsorbing ions. In agriculture, NCs eliminate pesticides and neonicotinoid residues from the soil, promoting eco‐friendly practices. Specialized types of NC, including magnetic exfoliated bentonite and carboxy cellulose nanofibers, are also employed in oil spill cleanup. Additionally, organic montmorillonite NC is promising for air pollution control, especially in gas separation and pollutant removal. NCs are versatile, extending into biomedical applications for drug delivery and engineering. This review provides a comprehensive look at various NC types, traditional and emerging, and explores modification methods to optimize their use across fields. By offering a broad, forward‐thinking perspective, this review highlights NCs' potential in advancing technology and sustainability, underscoring the need for continued research and development to address global issues. By adopting an inclusive and forward‐focused outlook, this article distinguishes itself from more narrowly focused studies in the field of NCs.
Gupta et al. (2025) studied this question.