Trauma and Emotional Disturbance Among Women in Africa: A Systematic Review of Prevalence, Manifestation, and Intervention Outcomes

Background: Trauma-related emotional disturbances, including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), are increasingly recognized as major public health concerns among African women, especially in conflict-affected and socio-culturally vulnerable regions. Objective: This systematic review examines the prevalence, manifestations, and outcomes of interventions targeting emotional disturbances among African women affected by trauma. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted, focusing on studies from countries such as Nigeria, Rwanda, Kenya, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Somalia. The review synthesizes findings on trauma-related symptoms, gender-specific vulnerabilities, and the efficacy of interventions across diverse African settings. Results: Findings reveal a high prevalence of internalized emotional disturbances, particularly among women exposed to gender-based violence, conflict-related trauma, and displacement. Cultural and spiritual factors—such as heritage, communal belonging, and traditional healing—emerged as vital mediators in the trauma recovery process. Urban-rural disparities were evident: rural women had limited access to formal mental health services and often relied on informal support systems, while urban women faced challenges such as social isolation and economic stress. Culturally incongruent interventions and lack of community support hindered recovery in both settings. Conclusion: The review underscores the need for gender-sensitive, culturally grounded, and community-based trauma interventions for African women. Integrating traditional healing practices with modern therapies and reforming mental health policies to accommodate diverse cultural contexts are essential for effective recovery.