The integration of renewable energy in urban areas is critical for achieving sustainability and addressing climate change. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent research on the integration of renewable energy systems in urban settings, focusing on a variety of technologies, strategies, and challenges. The review encompasses a range of renewable energy sources, including solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass, and examines their application in different urban contexts. Key findings from the 15 reviewed literature indicate that renewable energy systems significantly contribute to urban sustainability by enhancing energy efficiency, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and promoting energy security. The research highlights the technical and economic feasibility of integrating multi-energy hybrid systems, the importance of energy storage solutions, and the potential of advanced technologies such as AI and nanomaterials in optimizing energy systems. Challenges such as intermittency, high initial costs, and the need for supportive policies are identified, along with innovative solutions and emerging trends that address these issues. The review underscores the need for supportive policy frameworks, investment in infrastructure, and public-private partnerships to overcome barriers and facilitate the widespread adoption of renewable energy. Recommendations include advancing hybrid energy systems, investing in R&D, and enhancing public awareness and regional cooperation. These actions are essential for promoting effective renewable energy integration and achieving sustainable urban development.
Bello et al. (Sun,) studied this question.