A Systematic Review of Brycon Genus Sperm Cryopreservation Protocols: Challenges on Ex‐Situ Conservation for Sustainable Aquaculture

This systematic review shows an overview of the history of protocols used for genus Brycon sperm cryopreservation. Relevant studies were identified from Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Scielo databases. Thirty‐four studies published between 2001 and 2021 were included in the systematic review following the eligibility criteria. Selected studies showed cryopreservation protocols of nine species of the genus Brycon , with Brycon orbignyanus being the most studied species. The studies were conducted by Brazilian (76.5%) and Colombian (23.5%) researchers, with the majority (68.6%) carried out in hydroelectric plants promoting fish restocking programs. Two main protocols were extensively investigated across nine studied species: 10% methyl glycol +5% Beltsville Thawing Solution and 10% dimethyl sulfoxide +5% glucose. However, the protocols lacked standardization regarding equilibrium time and temperature, freezing and thawing curves, or sperm‐to‐cryoprotectant solution ratios. Limited collaboration among research groups from the two South American countries was identified as a significant factor in this lack of standardization. In addition, emerging approaches for sperm cryopreservation are necessary, such as developing less toxic alternative cryoprotectants. Implementing advanced cryopreservation methodologies and using artificial intelligence and machine learning can optimize protocols by modeling key parameters and enhancing post‐thaw sperm quality. These findings underscore the need for collaboration between research groups to develop standardized cryopreservation protocols and establish functionally accessible germplasm banks. Such measures are essential for the ex‐situ conservation and long‐term sustainability of aquaculture involving species of the genus Brycon .