Short-term prognosis, mid- and long-term clinical follow-up of bronchoscopic intervention therapy combined with bronchial artery embolization on massive hemoptysis

Background To explore the short-term prognosis, mid- and long-term clinical follow-up of bronchoscopic intervention therapy (BIT) combined with bronchial artery embolization (BAE) in the treatment of massive hemoptysis. Methods Patients with massive hemoptysis who received BAE (BAE group) or BAE combined with BIT (BAE & BIT group) based on standard clinical treatment were included retrospectively, during June 2022 and March 2023. The short-term prognosis assessed by the therapeutic response, hemoptysis recurrence rates at 1-month post-surgery, and postoperative complications were compared. Mid- and long-term clinical follow-up data were collected. Results Data were collected from 136 patients. There were 68 patients (aged 21–60 years, 31 males) received BAE & BIT, and 68 patients (aged 20–59 years, 36 males) received BAE were matched. After surgery, the immediate response rate and total response rate in BIT & BAE group were significantly higher than those in BAE group, while comparable hemoptysis recurrence rates at 1-month post-surgery. Patients in BIT & BAE group had significantly lower rates of postoperative complications, including obstructive pneumonia lung consolidation, and atelectasis, compared to those in BAEgroup. No death in the BIT & BAE group, while the BAE group experienced 3 intraoperative deaths and 4 cases requiring conversion to surgical intervention. No recurrence was observed during the mid-term and long-term follow-up. Conclusion Compared to BAE alone, BIT combined with BAT may offer better short-term prognosis, including higher response rate, lower rates of postoperative complications and mortality, in the management of massive hemoptysis, with a good mid- and long-term therapeutic effects.