Detecting glycoproteins predictors of traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with current diagnostic tools often inadequate for predicting long-term outcomes. Omics studies have identified specific biomarkers for TBI, and recently, glycoproteins have emerged as promising novel biomarkers due to their pivotal roles in cellular signaling and structural integrity. This review explores the biological significance of glycoproteins in TBI, their altered glycosylation patterns post-injury, and their role as diagnostic and prognostic indicators. We summarize analytical techniques for glycoprotein detection, such as mass spectrometry and antibody-based assays. Key glycoproteins, including neurofilament proteins, GFAP, tau, and amyloid precursor proteins, are examined for clinical relevance. This review addresses challenges in glycoprotein biomarker research, like glycosylation complexity and the need for precise detection methods. Clinical research from our lab and others have underscored the role of glycoproteins in diagnosing TBI, assessing injury severity, and guiding therapeutic strategies. By addressing the current state and future directions of glycoprotein research, we aim to potentially highlight the path toward improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for TBI.