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A metasurface antenna improves bandwidth and beamforming in LEO satellite tracking, indicating advancements in 6G technology.
This study focuses on proposing a metasurface (MTS) antenna, as a fundamental component of a beamforming network, with variable fractal concentric circular (FCC) array elements and an operating frequency of 250 GHz. We have employed the concept of the random hill-climbing (RHC) algorithm to generate FCC parts of each array element for enhancing the total frequency bandwidth of the MTS antenna. Our proposed MTS antenna possesses potential use in beamformers for a variety of applications such as tracking the direction of arrival (DOA) of moving Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites in the 5G/6G frequency bands with higher spatial resolution. Since the performance of each cell of a massive multi-input multioutput (MIMO) beamforming network is significantly affected by radiation patterns of the involved antennas, we have focused on synthesizing and enhancing the performance of our proposed MTS antenna. The main advantages of our MTS antenna include (1) miniaturization: the compactness is essential for a massive MIMO beamforming network with a large number of antennas to increase data rates, (2) improved beamforming capabilities: our MTS antenna provides a more flexible and precise 3D beamformer, ensuring better coverage and capacity, (3) enhanced performance: our MTS antenna can outperform other antenna configurations in terms of correlation and capacity. Simulation results have verified that our proposed MTS antenna possesses a highly-directive radiation pattern with an exceptional frequency bandwidth.
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Komeylian et al. (2025) studied this question.
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