Isolation and Optimization of Chitinase Production from Bacillus safensis from the Oil Palm Rhizosphere

Bacillus safensis is a promising bacterium with versatile enzymatic capabilities, offering potential for industrial applications and sustainable agriculture. This study explores the isolation, molecular identification, and optimization of chitinase production from B. safensis isolated from the rhizosphere of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) at NIFOR, Nigeria. The bacterium was characterized using morphological, biochemical, and molecular analyses, including 16S rRNA sequencing. Optimization experiments assessed the effects of various carbon and nitrogen sources, pH, and temperature on chitinase activity. Results showed that colloidal chitin was the most effective carbon source, while ammonium sulfate was the optimal nitrogen source, yielding a maximum enzyme activity of 17.3 µmol/min at 50°C and pH 6.0. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) confirmed the significance of the optimized conditions (p < 0.05). These findings emphasize the enzyme’s robustness and suitability for industrial biopolymer degradation and environmentally friendly agricultural practices. The study adds to the limited knowledge of B. safensis as a source of industrial enzymes, providing a foundation for large-scale applications and further research into its biochemical potential.