Environmental Impact of the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery All-in-person Oral Board Examination

Introduction Climate change presents a significant threat to global health, with the healthcare sector contributing notably to greenhouse gas emissions. This study quantifies the carbon footprint associated with the 2019 all-in-person American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Part II Oral Board examination and estimates the potential reduction in emissions associated with transitioning to a virtual format. Methods Carbon emissions from attendee travel and lodging for the 2019 ABOS Part II Oral Board Examination in Chicago were estimated. In-person emissions calculations considered examinees, examiners, and ABOS staff. For virtual exam calculations, emissions from network data transfers and technology usage were estimated. Results In total, 997 people attended the 2019 in-person examination. This event resulted in 600.8 tons of CO 2 e emissions, with the majority (89.6%) being from air travel. In contrast, an all-virtual examination was estimated to produce 12.2 tons CO 2 e, representing a 98% reduction compared to in-person examinations. Conclusion The 2019 ABOS all-in-person Part II Oral Board examination had a substantial carbon footprint. Transitioning to a virtual format appears to be a promising alternative to reduce the examination’s environmental impact.