Biological Efficacies of Sulfated Polysaccharides Extracted from a Green Seaweed, Caulerpa scalpelliformis (Turner) C. Agardh

The exploration of seaweed as a functional sustenance, energy source, and pharmaceutical and medicinal agent has been encouraged by recent research advancements. This study was conducted to assess the biological efficacies of sulfated polysaccharides extracted from Caulerpa scalpelliformis, including their antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and emulsification properties. The antioxidant efficacy of sulfated polysaccharides of C. scalpelliformis was assessed using a variety of standard assays. The results of these tests showed that the antioxidant activity of these sulfated polysaccharides was concentration-oriented, and they had higher antioxidant capacity at 1000 μg/mL in all the assays subjected to the present study. In the case of antibacterial activity, polysaccharides exhibited the highest inhibition zone against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18 mm) and the lowest against Proteus mirabilis (10 mm). The sulfated polysaccharides exhibited maximum inhibition on biofilm formation by Bacillus subtilis at the highest concentration tested (100 μg/mL). Their emulsification index (E24) was maximum in gingelly oil (270 ± 0.5%). GC-MS analysis showed a total of 19 peaks with their respective compounds. Additional research is required to assess other biological functions of C. scalpelliformis.