Real-Time Neutral Conductor Breakage Detection in Low-Voltage Distribution Networks: A Pilot Field Evaluation with Sub-150 ms Response Time

Neutral conductor breakages in electrical distribution networks pose significant risks in terms of equipment damage and user safety. In this study, a protection system capable of detecting neutral breakages in real time and de-energizing the affected area in less than 150 ms was developed and tested under field conditions. The proposed system monitors the neutral current at each branch entry point using ESP32-based hardware modules and transmits the data wirelessly to a central controller. Depending on the detected breakage signal, the central controller activates an integrated trip coil to isolate the relevant circuit. A pilot field implementation carried out in the Pınarbaşı district of Dulkadiroğlu, Kahramanmaraş, confirmed that the system accurately detected faults even at low current levels and maintained stable wireless communication. These results demonstrate that the system has strong potential to rapidly and effectively mitigate risks associated with neutral conductor breakages.