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This is a In Vitro Study study.

August 17, 2025

Influence of Sintering Temperatures on Multiferroic Properties of Lead-Free BNT-Bt-NZF Multiferroic Composite Fabricated via the Solid-State Combustion Technique

WCWistsarut ChongsatanNaresuan University WBWiranchana Boonpluk NVNaratip VittayakornKing Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang

Key Points

Increased sintering temperature led to significant enhancements in dielectric constant, remnant polarization, and coercive field.
Peak saturation magnetization reached ~12.21 emu/g at a sintering temperature of 1150 °C, indicating strong ferromagnetic behavior.
X-ray diffraction patterns showed coexistence of several crystal phases, including rhombohedral ferroelectric and tetragonal ferroelectric phases.
The study highlights the importance of optimizing sintering conditions to enhance multiferroic characteristics.

Abstract

There has been a growing interest in multiferroics, materials that combine magnetic and electric ordering, over the past few years. This research investigates the influence of sintering temperature (1075-1175 °C for 2 hours) on multiferroic properties of 0.7(0.94Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.06BaTiO3)-0.3(Ni0.7Zn0.3Fe2O4) (BNT-BT-NZF) multiferroic composites, fabricated using solid-state combustion with glycine as a fuel was investigated. The XRD patterns of all ceramics revealed the coexistence of a rhombohedral ferroelectric phase, a tetragonal ferroelectric phase, and a cubic ferromagnetic phase. The average grain size, dielectric constant (er), dielectric loss (tand), remnant polarization (Pr), and coercive field (Ec) tended to increase from 0.66 to 2.5 , 314 to 829, 0.22 to 0.51, 0.36 to 5.82 µC/cm2, and 7.05 to 26.96 kV/cm, respectively, with increase of sintering temperature. The composite ceramics exhibited peak saturation magnetization (Ms ~ 12.21 emu/g) and magnetoelectric (ME) coupling (~ 3.59 mV/cmOe) when sintered at 1150°C.

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