Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary Aspergillus infection secondary to empyema complicated with lung cancer: a case report

Background This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and management of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis (IPA) complicating empyema in a patient with lung cancer. Case presentation We analyzed the clinical manifestations, bronchoscopic findings, and therapeutic approaches, including anti-infective and anti-tumor treatments, in a patient diagnosed with IPA-associated empyema and lung cancer. Histopathological examination of bronchoscopic biopsy specimens confirmed pulmonary adenocarcinoma, while bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cultures identified Aspergillus fumigatus . Following the development of secondary empyema, comprehensive anti-infective and anti-tumor therapies were administered, leading to disease control. IPA-associated empyema complicating lung cancer represents a rare clinical scenario. Conclusion In patients presenting with IPA, the potential coexistence of lung cancer should be considered. An integrated approach combining antifungal therapy and active anti-tumor treatment is essential for managing such cases.